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Crime Contagion Models
Crime Contagion Model relates to the idea, whether crime is contagious.〔Bailey, R. (November, 2008 25). is crime contagious? experiments vindicate the broken windows theory of how disorder spreads. Retrieved from http://reason.com/archives/2008/11/25/is-crime-contagious〕 Contagion models predict a positive relationship between neighborhood violent crime rates and the propensity of MTO (Moving to Opportunity) participants to engage in violent crime.〔(Is Crime Contagious? )〕 The notion of crime spreading across surrounding environments feeds on the idea of clinical hysteria. Hysteria and the fear of crime are the main components of the Contagion model.
A great measure used to determine if fear of crime exists can be determined by the evaluation of near repeats. Near repeats occurs when a specific surrounding environment is targeted again for crime, areas of examples include neighborhoods, businesses, schools, etc.〔Bowers, K. J. and S.D. Johnson 2004."Who Commits Near Repeats? A Test of the Boost Explanation" Western Criminology Review 5 (3)http://wcr.sonoma.edu/v5n3/bowers.htm〕 Near repeats have been proved to be a great factor in determining repeat victimization, and determining crime itself. Repeat victimization relates to near repeats, rather than a familiar victim it constitutes a familiar environment where crime is to be repeated.
==Empirical support==
Neighborhood racial composition have a strong relationship with violent crime arrest which are robust to conditioning on changes in neighborhood poverty, violent-crime rates, or property-crime rates.〔Bowers, K. J. and S.D. Johnson 2004."Who Commits Near Repeats? A Test of the Boost Explanation" Western Criminology Review 5 (3)http://wcr.sonoma.edu/v5n3/bowers.htm〕 Previous studies have also showed evidence that crime is in some way contagious.Research has displayed that being the victim of a crime one time significantly increases the likelihood of being victimized again in the future.〔(Is Crime Contagious? )〕
Variation in neighborhood yields no evidence that contagion is as important as much of the previous research would suggest in explaining across-neighborhood variation in crime rates. Variation in neighborhood has similar contagion probability than across neighborhood.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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